Eukaryotes & Prokaryotes 

Although all Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells have a plasma membrane, contain cytosol, and have chromosomes and ribosomes, they vary in the position of their DNA, the size of their organelles in the cytoplasm as well as their size. Certain essential characteristics are shared by all cells. The plasma membrane serves as a selective barrier between them and the outside world. Cytosol is a semifluid, jelly-like material found in all cells. Chromosomes and ribosomes are also found in all cells. Genes are carried on chromosomes with in form of DNA.

Ribosomes are small protein-producing complexes that react to gene instructions. The difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells in terms of DNA position is important. In a Eukaryotic cell, the nucleus houses the bulk of the DNA. The three distinct elements of the nucleus are the nuclear membrane, nucleolus, and chromatin. The nuclear envelope is made up of two membranes. Pore complexes bind both the nucleus and the Endoplasmic Reticulum. In the nucleolus, there is no membrane structure. Ribosome synthesis is supported by it. Finally, chromatin is made up of DNA and proteins. A prokaryotic cell's nucleoid is where DNA is concentrated. The nucleoid is not surrounded by a membrane. The cytoplasm is the interior of all types of cells. A number of organelles with specialized forms and functions can be found in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell. These membrane-bounded structures, on the other hand, are absent in prokaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than Eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells can be present in tigers, humans, frogs, lizards, caterpillars, and other animals and insects. Prokaryotic cells, on the other hand, are present in bacteria such as E.coli.

Many membrane-bound organelles exist in eukaryotic cells, and their role is to compartmentalize and differentiate the cell's reactions. Eukaryotes have two benefits due to the presence of a nucleus in their cells. The nucleus serves as an extra layer of protection for the DNA. As a result, mutations are less likely to occur in eukaryotic DNA. The nucleus also aids in the regulation of reproduction. Eukaryotic cells, unlike prokaryotic cells, have a mitochondrion that plays an important role. The primary role of mitochondria is to produce energy by breaking down carbohydrates and fatty acids. Eukaryotic cells get their energy from Adenosine Triphosphate, a chemical compound ( In simple terms, Adenosine triphosphate is an organic compound that provides energy to drive many processes in living cells ).

Prokaryotes do have some advantages such as being able to more rapidly divide since no membrane-bound organelles are present. This means the population can rapidly increase. Molecular studies have provided insight into the evolution and interrelationships of the three domains of life. The division between prokaryotes and eukaryotes reflects the existence of two very different levels of cellular organization; only eukaryotic cells have an enveloped nucleus that contains its chromosomal DNA, and other characteristic membrane-bound organelles including mitochondria. 

Prokaryotic Cells are found in the cytoplasm rather than enclosed within a nuclear membrane. Prokaryotic cells are found in single-celled organisms, such as bacteria, like the one shown in the Figure below. Organisms with prokaryotic cells are called prokaryotes. Bacteria are among the best-known prokaryotic organisms. The lack of internal membranes in prokaryotes distinguishes them from eukaryotes. The prokaryotic cell membrane is made up of phospholipids and constitutes the cell's primary osmotic barrier. Prokaryotes are further divided into two main kinds of organisms: bacteria and archaea. Some examples of prokaryotic organisms include the common bacteria E. coli, the archaea M. Smithii and Deinococcus radiodurans.