Biotechnology

Introduction

Biotechnology is the use of biology to both the solution of problems and the creation of useful items. The most well-known use of biotechnology is the genetic engineering-based manufacture of proteins and other medicines. Biotechnology is currently debated by many professors and industries on its safety. There is evidence that proves it could be dangerous while evidence that it could be safe.

Origins

Commencing with the very first agricultural settlements, humanity have been utilizing biological processes to improve quality of life for over 10,000 years. Humans started to use microbes' biological processes to manufacture breads, alcoholic drinks, and cheeses, as well as to preserve dairy goods, over thousands of years ago. However, these procedures were not included in the today's definition of biotechnology, which was established to describe the biologic innovations that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s.

Genentech, Amgen, Biogen, Cetus, and Genex were among the first businesses to produce genetically modified molecules for health and ecological purposes. Recombinant DNA technology, often known as genetic engineering, ruled the biotechnology sector for more than one decade. Mixing the genes for a useful protein into production cells, such as yeast, bacteria, or mammalian cells in culture, causes the protein to start producing in large quantities.

A new organism is produced when a genome is incorporated into a producing cell. Biotechnology businessmen and professors were initially unsure if the authorities will enable them to obtain patents on microorganisms; after all, patents weren't really permitted on recently found and discovered creatures in nature. However, with in case of Diamond v. Chakrabarty, the United States Supreme Court decided in 1980 that, “a live human-made microorganism is patentable subject matter.”

This decision resulted in the formation of a slew of new biotechnology companies as well as the industry's first investment boom. Recombinant insulin was the very first genetically engineered medication to be approved by the US Food & Drug Administration during 1982. Ever since, hundreds of genetically engineered proteins therapies, such as recombinant growth hormone, clotting factors, proteins that stimulate the creation of white and red blood cells, basic fibroblast growth factor, and clot-dissolving compounds, have now been marketed all around the globe.

Biotechnology Safety

As a writer of MkkGo, I believe that Biotechnology should be allowed to continue however with reasonable restrictions. This is well into the evidence presented by scientists, researchers, and experts that prove Biotechnology's faults. However, depending on who you ask, you can receive many different opinions and answers. As you know, Biotechnology is a highly debated topic by many experts around the world. You could receive something like this:

"It's likely that biotechnology-derived foods aren't just safe to consume, but even healthier than their biological counterparts. It's because, thanks to extensive research and testing, experts now know a great deal more about the genetic makeup of genetically engineered foods than we do about foods grown in the traditional manner."
"Biotechnology isn't harmful, but it comes with substantial dangers which should be considered whenever tinkering with the immune system's genetic makeup. For instance, clinical studies in cell treatments have resulted in people dying or becoming extremely sick. This has happened before in time, but one can't simply ignore the enormous difficulty of what Biotechnology is attempting to comprehend, especially now that researchers are exploring Invivo Genetic modification. The rewards and hazards are exceptional, but exactly what you'd expect from a respectable effort with the possibility to remove genetically encoded diseases like cancer completely."

Main types of Biotechnology

Cloning

You may ask what is Cloning or maybe you heard of Cloning in movies? Well cloning is the method of making organisms or parts of an organism with identical DNA. For example, if your liver was damaged in some way you could clone that part which is damaged to get repair. Cloning can also be used on animal like cattle or sheep. A lot of times cloning can happen from asexual reproduction. One pro of cloning is being able to make tissue for organs like the example I just gave. There are also some cons to cloning, sometimes it is not entirely safe, and your offspring could lack genetic uniqueness or variety.

Artificial Selection

Artificial Selection is also another way biotechnology is used. Artificial selection is almost the same as Natural Selection, except that Nature doesn’t choose who survives but humans do. Artificial selection as been used to get a desired trait from either plants or animals. This can be seen to have occurred in dogs, as humans bred and genetically modified dogs to create breeds which could run faster, or even has different colored fur. This has caused more dog breeds and more numbers of dogs however; some breeds and dogs have been found to have a Psychological Disorder which was developed later in life.

Genetic Engineering

Genetic engineering is one of the most used techniques in Biotechnology as well as one of the most popular. Genetic engineering manipulates genes and changes them to have desired traits. This has been seen in many farms, especially in the United States, where farmers genetically modify the plants to have desired traits such as fruits that last longer or juicer foods. While some of these genetically modified foods may be beneficial, some of them could cause allergic reactions. This is because your body may not be used to some proteins and may attack it, causing reactions.

Created by MkkGo

Created June 25th, 2021

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