Before the American Revolution occured, there were several british colonies in the Americas that did not participate in the war. The only british colonies that revolted were the original 13 (Delaware, Virginia, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, New Hampshire, New York, and Rhode Island). They had no representation and had heavy taxes put on them, this is where the quote "No Taxation without Representation" came from. The British governemnt were making new laws and taxes on the 13 colonies, but the colonists could not represent their case in the parliament. They wanted to have some say in the british parliament at least if they were going to pay high taxes and have to live according to British customs and laws.
There were protest and huge arguments in the colonies. There were also small skirmishes between the colonists and the British armies stationed in the colonies (mostly located in Boston and parts of New England like Providence, Hartford, and Plymouth).
As the British tried to gain more authority and control over the colonies, they decided that using acts against them could break the piles of tension. Also, the British would have more time to foxus on their debt from the French-Indian war. The British were sure that these acts would work however the situation just got worse and worse over the course of years until colonies declared independence.
Each colony in the United States had their own local governments. In 1774, they each elected officials to represent them at the First Continental Congress. The First Continental Congress was one of the first efforts to unite and make a single government from the 13 colonies.
These talks were a good start on declaring independence and drafting a constitution however it would still take some time for the Americans to finally declare themselves a nation. In 1776, the Second Continental Congress occurred which finally had the necessary documents and requirements needed to declare independence, which they did.
On the night of July 4th, 1776 the United States of America declared war from Great Britain, starting the American War of Independence. The new government of the United States was different than the government of the Great Britain. Instead of having a king rule the nation, they would have it ruled by the people. The new government however would still be formed but it would be a democratic government with leaders elected by the people. There would also be a balance of power in the government to make sure that no one could be king. This policy is still followed to this day.
The moment the United States declaration arrived in Great Britain, war broke out. The war followed more than a decade of growing isolation between the British crown and a large influencial segment of its American colonies that caused the British to attempt to get greater control over the colonial affairs. Until early 1778, the conflict was considered by most as a civil war within the British empire, but afterwards it became known as an international war as France and the Spanish joined the Americans in the war against Britian (France in 1778 and Spain in 1779).
The French and Spanish both joined because of the same idea: Britain was gaining too much power in the Globe and was threatening Spainsh and French influence. However there was another ally for the Americans who were the Dutch. The Dutch provided both official recognition of the United States and financial support for them. They were also engaged in their own war against Britain. From the beginning of the war, sea power was a vital in determining the course of the war. The British had sea dominance in the Atlantic and Indian oceans due to Britain's Enormous Navy.
The British strategy was to send its ships to intimidate the Americans and to take Philidelphia to make the Americans surrender however flexibility of the navy helped compensate for the comparatively small number of troops sent to America and ultimately enabling the French to support the Americans. The war ended in a Victory for the Americans, French, and Spanish as the war finally ended in the British surrender at the battle of Yorktown.
Created November 2nd, 2020